Issue 12,2019 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Radar ECCM Technology in the Complex Electromagnetic Environment
    FU Youguang WANG Ning MENG Jinli
    2019, 41(12):1-7.
    [Abstract](2393) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In modern wars, the opposed objects and battlefield environments bring more challenges to the radar. Thus, radar electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM) technology is becoming highly attractive. It is difficult to describe the relationship between the settings of battle field and complexities of electromagnetic environment. Due to it, the quantization levels of them are given in this paper. Moreover, the space diversity, electromagnetic feature and motion laws of near space objects are analyzed. Furthermore, the effective measures and solving methods are proposed based on synthesizing the advantages and disadvantages of both radar and jamming. Finally, the developing trend of technology between radar and ECCM is prospected.
    2  A Long Range Early Warning Radar Model Based on Resource Constraints
    ZHOU Lin DIAO Weifeng
    2019, 41(12):8-11.
    [Abstract](2363) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The early warning radar model is the basis for the cordinated application of the early warning center system. In this paper, radar resource occupancy is analysed by search area, intercept probability, tracking data rate, etc. One radar model based on resource constrints is built. In a typical scenario, the parameters of radar target search and tracking are designed. The model validity is validated by simulated data.
    3  Evaluation Methods for Electromagnetic Radiation Environment of Shipborne Phased Array Radar
    CHEN Dong MIAO Jing JIANG Wei TIAN Gang
    2019, 41(12):12-16.
    [Abstract](2418) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Shipborne phased array radar has great influence on crewmen who work on the deck for long. In particular, on an aircraft carrier with phased array radar, the crewmen working on the flight deck for long are affected by electromagnetic radiation physically and mentally. However, due to the special scanning mode of phased array radar, it is difficult to assess its radiation intensity on the deck. In this paper, several domestic and international standards related to electromagnetic radiation limits and measurement methods are introduced, and a testing and evaluation methods for electromagnetic radiation intensity of shipborne high-power phased array radar is proposed, providing an effective technical approach for accurately assessing the electromagnetic radiation intensity of shipborne high power phased array radar.
    4  A Brief Analysis of Wide-azimuth Airborne Fire-control Radar Development
    ZHANG Lei FANG Xueli
    2019, 41(12):17-20.
    [Abstract](2452) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The airborne fire-control radar is the key equipment of F2T2EA(Find-Fix-Track-Target-Engage-Assess) kill chain in modern air combat. However, due to many restrictions the traditional airborne radars can only detect and track targets of ±70° azimuth, which is not able to meet the urgent demands of situational awareness of wide-range, high-dynamics and strong-confrontation modern air combat. The concept, importance and achievement approach of wide-azimuth airborne fire-control radar are presented, which are followed by the development considerations of wide-azimuth airborne fire-control radar in future.
    5  Overview of Military Electronic Equipment Screening
    ZHANG Chao WU Quancheng YUE Long SHENG Sijia WU Jialong
    2019, 41(12):21-26.
    [Abstract](2413) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Military electronic equipment screening can be divided into three-level screening, namely, screening of electronic components, screening of board-level circuit/ electronic device, and screening of the machine. Screening can effectively reject the defects that cause early failure of equipment and ensure the high reliability of equipment. In the screening process of military electronic equipment, it is necessary to properly select the environmental stress according to the product characteristics and defect types, and appropriately cut the stress conditions to ensure that the product is fully screened without additional stress damage.
    6  Analysis of pointing bias and channel error in digital beamforming of tepped frequency signal
    WU Guangxin CHEN Xixin ZHOU Ruiyan
    2019, 41(12):27-29.
    [Abstract](2414) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The pointing bias of beam and the amplitude & phase errors between channels exist when digital beamforming is performed for the stepped frequency signal. The bias and error are different for each stepped frequency pulse, because each pulse is modulated by different amplitude & phase error. Firstly, the effect of the modulation error on the following range high resolution processing is theoretically analyzed in this paper. It is found that the pointing bias of beam can move range image of target, but the movement is small and can be neglected, and the main effect of channel error is to raise the sidelobes of the range high resolution processing. Finally, the effect of the pointing bias and the amplitude & phase errors is simulated separately and demonstrates the above onclusions.
    7  Channel Equalization for Wide-band Linear Frequency Modulation Signal Based on Neural Network
    WANG Kefei HU Ting YU Wenxian
    2019, 41(12):30-34.
    [Abstract](2439) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Channel distortion refers to the distortion as a result of different features of different channels in multi-channel system. To compensate and equalize this distortion, this paper study on neural network algorithm in equalization of linear frequency modulation signal which is widely applied in wide-band radar, and compare with traditional method in terms of equalization performance. The method and difficult points in engineering implementation is also discussed. The research result shows that the algorithm perform better than existing method. Also there is a considerable application prospect in engineering.
    8  Aircraft Target Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network with Transfer Learning
    YANG Yuhao SUN Jingming YU Shengkang
    2019, 41(12):35-39.
    [Abstract](2536) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Aircraft target recognition is an important key technique of ground information systems. Recent hot deep learning methods, e. g. convolutional neural network, have shown superior performance for image recognition tasks. However, training a convolutional neural network requires a number of annotated samples to estimate numerous model parameters, which restricts its application to radar target recognition. Aiming at the small sample issue in aircraft target recognition, the transfer learning technique that suits the limited data is used in this study, combined with the advantages of convolutional neural network, an initial convolutional neural network has been trained in advance on big samples of radar high resolution range profiles, and then the model parameters are fine-tuned based on the current aircraft target recognition task. Experimental results of measured data show that compared to the results of merely applying convolutional neural networks, the proposed method can obviously increase the recognition accuracy rate, which validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
    9  Proof of the invariance property of likelihood ratio for signal detection
    LIU Zhenhua WANG Jiyu WU Fuwei SUN Jun
    2019, 41(12):40-43.
    [Abstract](2370) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Likelihood ratio (LR) plays a key role in the signal detection of radar and communication field. In a simple binary hypothesis test problem, the decision making criterion is based on the LR. Based on the invariance property of LR, the conditional probability density functions of the LR under different hypotheses are associated. Thus, the calculation of the probability of detection or a false alarm only involves one of the conditional probability density functions, which reduces computational complexity when the other density function is difficult to obtain. In addition, the invariance property of the LR can be used to prove the slope property of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). In this paper, a strict proof of this property is proposed which supplements a solid theoretical support for the LR test application.
    10  A Design of 4-channel High-speed and High-resolution Analog-to-digital Converter
    LIU Haitao ZHANG Hao ZHANG Lizhen WU Junjie XU Honglin
    2019, 41(12):44-48.
    [Abstract](2389) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The high-speed and high-resolution analog-to-digital converter is necessary for modern communication system. This paper gives a design of 4-channel 16 bit 120 MS/ s pipelined analog-to-digital converter for multi-channel digital communication system. The reference, clock input buffer and 4 independent converting core are all integrated on one chip. The coherence and isolation are guaranteed by the cautious layout design. The chip is realized at 0. 18 μm CMOS progress. The test results show that the SIAND and Spurious Free Dynamic range (SFDR) could reach 75dB and 90 dBc respectively. The isolation exceeds 90 dB while the 4-chnannel ADCs chip total power is 1. 3 W.
    11  A Study on ?2-norm Based Feature Extraction Framework
    LIN Yier
    2019, 41(12):49-52.
    [Abstract](2464) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    To avoid the low-quality feature extraction problem caused by the distortion of time-frequency analysis, an automatic micro-Doppler feature extraction process is transformed into a ?2-norm convex optimization problem and approximately solved by an iterative convolutional neural networks (CNNs) framework. The simulated continuous wave radar echo is based on the motion capture data with 5 m between target and radar in light of sight (LOS) direction. The simulated and measured samples are applied in the feature extraction for the final support vector machine classification. The classification performance of simulation and measurement illustrates that the feature quality extracted by the iterative convolutional neural networks framework is significantly better than the feature quality extracted by principal component analysis from the time-frequency images.
    12  Application of Fractional Order Control in Position Servo System
    LIU Hanzhong CHEN Yaozhong WAN Qi HE Shun HUANG Jiacai
    2019, 41(12):53-57.
    [Abstract](2410) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    With the increasing requirements of servo system on response speed, positioning accuracy and anti-disturbance performance, integer order PID control is easy to implement, but its performance is limited and it's hard to meet the high requirements. Fractional order PID control is more flexible due to the introduction of integral and differential order parameters. In this paper, fractional order PI control is used in position servo system. First, the difference equation is given based on the numerical method of fractional calculus (irid_fod) method. Then, optimal control parameters of integer order PI and fractional order PI are tuned respectively by using PSO algorithm in MATLAB. After that, the simulation and experiments of positioning control and anti-disturbance performance are carried out. The results show that the fractional order PI control has the advantages of faster positioning and stronger anti-disturbance performance if compared with integer order PI, so it has a certain application value in engineering.
    13  Design of a Miniaturized Dual-polarized Conformal Antenna
    SONG Daojun YIN Yingzeng
    2019, 41(12):58-61.
    [Abstract](2404) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    A miniaturized dual-polarized conformal antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of four inverted-F antennas, a pair of differential microstrip power dividers. The four inverted-F antennas are arranged symmetrically around the center of the antenna to generate dual linear polarization when they are excited differentially. The antenna is designed and simulated through electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS 17. Simulated results show that the antenna realizes dual linear polarization, a stable radiation pattern and gain within an operating bandwidth from 495 MHz to 505MHz (VSWR<2), while maintains a small size of 0. 25λ×0. 25λ×0. 11λ(λ represents the free-space-wavelength of the operating frequency). Besides, the proposed antenna adopts conformal design, which can be clung to the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity without occupying the inner space of the cavity. The presented antenna can be easily integrated into other systems. The method in this paper can be a good reference for design of other multi-antenna system.
    14  Ultra-wideband Tightly Coupled Array Antennas Loaded with Current-regulating Inductor
    LIU Jie ZHANG Hongwei YU Zhihua LIU Chaoyang
    2019, 41(12):62-65.
    [Abstract](2423) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Based on the theory that the array antenna expands its bandwidth by electromagnetic coupling between array elements, a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) phased array antenna is designed by using the current-regulating inductance loading technology of array elements. Compared with the general UWB array antenna, the operating bandwidth is increased from 5:1 to 8. 8:1, and grateless scanning in passband is realized. The antenna is processed and measured to verify its good beam characteristics and high radiation efficiency. Therefore, the array antenna can be widely applied to multifunctional electronics systems with reconnaissance, interference, detection, communication and other functions.
    15  Analysis of Whole Airspace Multi-target TT&C Antenna Based on Phased Array
    LI Zhongwei
    2019, 41(12):66-68.
    [Abstract](2375) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The TT&C system based on parabolic antenna can not satisfy the demand for multi-target TT&C in whole airspace. In order to solve the problems encountered in whole airspace and multi-target TT&C by single station,the antenna system based on spherical phased array for whole airspace and multi-target TT&C is proposed. Analysis and comparison the form of phased array antenna for whole airspace and multi-target TT&C, based on the analysis of the principle of spherical phased array, the radiation element and array layout are analyzed and designed, the antenna pattern of beam forming is simulated. Results shows that, the needs of future multi-target TT&C in whole airspace can be met effectively by whole airspace and multi-target TT&C antenna based on spherical phased array.
    16  Analysis of AC Power Consumption Characteristics for High Power Measurement and Control Equipment
    WANG Lu LANG Dingchuan ZHANG Haiqi LI Rui
    2019, 41(12):69-74.
    [Abstract](2429) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In view of various problems in power supply and distribution of high-power satellite tele-control and tele-measure communication (TT&C) equipment in recent years, relevant standards on power supply and distribution network and power equipment to ensure power quality are espounded, the fluctuation characteristics of instantaneous power of alternating current (AC) power supply system are analyzed. Then, taking a certain precision tracking pulse radar as an example, application mode and characteristics of alternating current (AC) power in high-power TT&C equipment are analyzed, usage modes of various AC power and tolerance ability of power supply voltage sag are explained, and the incomplete understanding of zero interruption of AC power supply maintained in TT&C equipment is corrected. Finally, the basic requirements of power supply subsystem design stage for large-scale TT&C equipment and the technical performance parameters required to be submitted to the power supply system when the TT&C equipment enters the test site are put forward, so as to ensure the rational and scientific design of the power supply and distribution system, and timately realize safe and reliable operation of the TT&C equipment.
    17  Application of SiC Devices in Radar Power Supply
    LU Shengli XIONG Caiwei QI Yue
    2019, 41(12):75-79.
    [Abstract](2395) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The requirement of power supply with high power density and high efficiency becomes more urgent for modern radar. The power devices based on the third generation semiconductor material of silicon carbide (SiC) have promising advantages on breakdown voltage, high switching frequency operation, and thermal performance. The characteristics and status of SiC devices are introduced in detail, and the application direction of SiC devices in power supply for radar system is analyzed. The experimental power supply prototype is designed based on SiC metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and the experiments for high switching frequencies capability are conducted. The results illustrate that SiC MOSFET operating at high switching frequencies could significantly reduce system losses, and upgrade power density.
    18  Design and Implementation of TT&C Simulation System for New Generation Space Instrumentation Ship
    HE Jianwei SU Chunmei LI Yonggang ZHANG Yuxin
    2019, 41(12):80-85.
    [Abstract](2382) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Focusing on the new requirements of safety and controllability of space telemetry, track and command (TT&C) system in China, a flexible, convenient, independent and controllabe new generation space instrumcntation ship TT&C simulation system based on domestic hardware and software platform is designed and developed by using component and service bus technology on the basis of full demonstration and research. Firstly, the system funcational requirements are described. Secondly, a reconfigurable system architecture is proposed. Thirdly, the key technology of service bus achievement and the design of ship-borne TT&C equipment measurement data simulation model are discussed. Finally, the application validation is carried out. The application results show that the system is reasonable in design, flexible and versatile, and can meet the requirements of comprehensive verification of new generation space instrumentation ship TT&C system.
    19  Design and Implementation of Remote Monitor and Diagnose System Based on Distributed Network
    WANG Jiangang
    2019, 41(12):86-89.
    [Abstract](2388) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In order to resolve the problems of automatic test system (ATS) self-test difficulty and under test unit (UUT) fault detection, prognostic and health management, remote monitor and diagnose system based on distributed network is studied. The system can do remote test, online monitor, fault detect to ATS and UUT with remote information and test data based on fault tree and expert experience, which can reduce fault probability, fasten the speed of outfield response and direct the worker to remove the fault and maintain the ATS and UUT.

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