Issue 1,2016 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Technology and Development of Cognitive Radar
    YUAN Saibai JIN Sheng ZHU Tianlin
    2016(1):1-4.
    [Abstract](2456) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Through imitating cognitive function of human intelligence and the interaction with environment, cognitive radar can achieve performance improvement by adaptive adjustment functions of radar transceiver. In this article, the background of cognitive radar is analyzed at first. And the basic concept of cognitive radar is introduced, including the mapping relationship from human brain to cognitive radar system. Then, principle of cognitive radar system is expounded and architecture of perception-action cycle for cognitive radar is introduced. Besides the key technology and development of cognitive radar are discussed in detail. Finally, some thinking on the development of cognitive radar in our country is provided.
    2  Evaluation and Simulation of Detection Efficiency Based on Using IRST Sensor Towing the Airborne Early Warning Rada
    PENG Fang WU Jun XIANG Jianjun Long Wenbiao MA Jjian
    2016(1):5-9.
    [Abstract](2481) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    For the purpose of quantitative analysis and evaluating the pattern's influence to the radar's detection efficiency, the efficiency probability of detecting targets for the radar is regarded as an evaluating guide line. Through simulating the process of IRST towing the radar for detection, a mathematic model for the successful towing probability based on multi-eam position searching is set up, so searching areas of the radar can be made sure under the condition of the specifically successful towing probability, as well as the expression for efficiency probability of radar's detection is acquired from characteristic of targets. The simulation result indicates that the pattern can hugely reduce the searching areas and time of the radar, and play down time of capturing targets, then detective probability and detective efficiency of the radar can be improved by using the increase of beam residence time.
    3  The Optimal Sub-array Number for Phased MIMO Radar
    ZOU Jialong YAO Yuan WANG Jianming
    2016(1):10-13.
    [Abstract](2583) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The transmit array of phased MIMO radar is partitioned into a number of sub-arrays which are fully-overlapped. The phased MIMO radar beam pattern is expressed as the product of transmit beam pattern, waveform diversity beam pattern and receive beam pattern. The beam forming of phased MIMO radar is mainly studied, through analyzing the maximum radar range, highest sidelobe, width of mainlobe and achievable output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios. Compared with phased array radar and MIMO radar of the same configuration, theory and simulation results show that phased MIMO radar has better performance on sidelobe suppression and anti-interference. Finally, the optimal sub-array number under different conditions is obtained.
    4  Integrated Technology of Ship EW System Based on DDS
    SHEN Zhenhui ZHANG Jianhua ZHANG Lin LIU Xu
    2016(1):14-16.
    [Abstract](2676) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The keystone of designing ship electronic wafare (EW) system is the information integration architecture which resolves information share and integrate between radar EW, communication EW, electro-optical EW, network EW and intelligence process. The structure and QoS of data distribution service is analyzed in this paper. Then the ship EW system based on DDS technology is proposed as well as its architecture, soft system architecture and the key technology. The paper can be used to provide help on the design and integrate of ship EW system.
    5  A Modified Phase Gradient Autofocus Processing Method for SAR Imagery Reconstruction via Backprojection Algorithm
    WAN Xin JAING Rui ZHU Daiyin ZHU Zhaoda
    2016(1):17-21.
    [Abstract](2386) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Backprojection(BP) algorithm is one classical imaging processing methodology in synthetic aperture radar(SAR), which can focus data with high accuracy when the flight path is exactly known. However, defocus due to motion error in BP imagery usually along variant directions and residual range cell migration can not be restricted in one range resolution. So the motion compensation of BP imagery is difficult to implement and can not be realized by traditional autofocus methods. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a sub bandwidth phase gradient autofocus method based on the modified backprojection grid. The imagery is reconstructed with a modified non-uniform gird along the data collection plane in order that the space variance of directions of defocus can be eliminated completely. Then PGA processing and combination are employed successively on the decomposed sub bandwidth backprojection data to obtain the refocused full resolution imagery. Finally, point target simulation validates this method.
    6  Geolocation for Near Space SAR
    WEI Xueyun ZHENG Wei WANG Biao
    2016(1):22-27.
    [Abstract](2502) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    There are two main geolocation models for synthetic aperture radar (SAR): slant-to-ground range model and range Doppler (RD) model. The slant-to-ground rang model is easily calculated, but the earth curvature is ignored. And in RD model, not only the imaging principle is considered, but also the earth curvature variation is included. In this paper, the simulation experiment is implemented to show that the slant-to-ground range model has low accuracy of geolocation in the near space condition. Compared with the slant-to-ground range model, RD model has overwhelming superiority in this situation. Thus it is concluded that the earth curvature variation must be considered for near space SAR geolocation. Furthermore, the geolocation accuracy of the RD model is analyzed. The geolocation uncertainty formulas are derived, and the simulation experiment results are obtained based on the derived formulas.
    7  A Transient Interference Suppression Approach for Over-the-horizon Radar
    CHEN Xixin
    2016(1):28-30.
    [Abstract](2527) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The transient interferences often enter the skywave over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) and mask the target detection and need to be suppressed. The Doppler sparsity of OTHR receiving echoes is analyzed, and an over complete dictionary made up of potential echoes is built which leads to the sparse representation form of OTHR receiving echoes, then a transient interference suppression approach for OTHR based on the compressed sensing (CS) is presented in this paper. In this approach, the OTHR receiving echoes are reconstructed using CS and used to replace the original radar signals at the situations of transient interferences, therefore the transient interferences are suppressed. The real OTHR data processing demonstrates the effectiveness of the presented approach.
    8  A Study on Clutter Tune in Bistatic Airborne Radar
    YANG Haifeng XIE Wengchong WANG Yongliang ZHAO Longhua
    2016(1):31-35.
    [Abstract](2587) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In this paper, the clutter echoes model of bistatic airborne radar for arbitrary geometric configuration is established, and then the relationship between the Doppler frequency spread of the mainlobe clutter in bistatic airborne radar and the geometric configuration of bistatic airborne radar is analyzed, the mathematic qualification for minimizing the Doppler frequency spread of the mainlobe clutter is derived and the expression is given. The simulations validate the analysis of the relationship between the frequency width of mainlobe clutter and geometric configuration.
    9  3D Fast Factorized Back Projection Algorithm
    LIU Pengfei LU Biying SUN Xin WANG Jian
    2016(1):36-41.
    [Abstract](2488) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Back projection algorithm is widely used in the radar imaging for its advantages of perfect focusing, motion compensation and high quality imaging for any data acquisition geometries. To reduce the computational burden of the 3D imaging, the 2D fast factorized back projection is extended to 3D FFBP based on the aperture factorizing principle in this paper. A new 3D polar coordinate system, which is suitable for 3D FFBP is established. The problems of the aperture factorizing, algorithm implementation and efficiency of 3D FFBP are comprehensive analyzed. The processing results of the synthetic data validate the 3D FFBP algorithm, resulting in a 13.8 times speedup in this simulation.
    10  Sensor Management Algorithm Based on Matrix Genetic Algorithm
    XU Ruiyang FENG Xinxi
    2016(1):42-46.
    [Abstract](2475) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    To solve the combinatorial explosion problem during sensor assignment, a sensor management algorithm based on matrix genetic algorithm is proposed. The algorithm adopts assignment matrix as individual of the species and the elements in the matrix as genetics. Simulation results show that this sensor management algorithm perform well in solving the combinatorial problem and can achieve a good performance in multi-sensor multi-target tracking.
    11  Improved Particle Filter Algorithm Based on Complex Likelihood Ration
    LI Yu HUANG Puming LIN Chenchen
    2016(1):47-50.
    [Abstract](2477) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    An improved particle filter algorithm based on complex likelihood ratio is presented for weak target detection and tracking with low signal to noise ratio. The particle weight is achieved by real likelihood ratio without considering the phase information in the standard particle filter algorithm, which can be compensated by using the proposed algorithm and the original information is used more effectively. On the other hand, the operation of Bessel function is needed many times when calculating the particle weight based on the real likelihood ratio, while that is demanded only once to calculate the particle weight based on the complex likelihood ratio. Therefore, the computational complexity can be reduced by the proposed algorithm effectively. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has not only an improved performance of detection and tracking, but also costs much less computation time compared with the standard particle filter algorithm.
    12  Joint Data Association and Spatial Registration Based on EM
    SHI Jianglin ZHOU Xueping LIU Changhai XU Rong ZHANG Rongzhi FU Na
    2016(1):51-55.
    [Abstract](2565) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Aiming at the data association and spatial registration under radar measurements with missing detection, a joint data association and spatial registration algorithm based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm was derived. The radar system biases were estimated using EM algorithm, measurement data assciation was done using multidimensional assignment, the convergent system biases and associated matrix are finally obtained by jointly applying data association and spatial registration iteratively. Simulation results show that under the environment that measurements may have missed detection, the algorithm proposed in this paper can estimate the system biases efficiently, showing good robustness and anti noise performance.
    13  Modeling Resonant Frequency of L-shaped Antenna Based on PSO-SVM of Hybrid Kernel
    SUN Feiyan TIAN Yubo REN Zuolin
    2016(1):56-60.
    [Abstract](2475) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    A large number of samples and complex structure are needed when predicting the resonant frequency of L-shaped microstrip antenna with artificial neural network. And each ordinary kernel function of support vector machine (SVM) has advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the theory selecting the parameters of SVM model is incomplete when using SVM. In order to solve these problems, a hybrid kernel function is proposed, in which the parameters of SVM and weight coefficient are optimized by means of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Two kernel functions of SVM, namely global kernel function (polynomial kernel function) and local kernel function (cauchy kernel function), and combination kernel function of SVM is presented. This method is validated by using wine red data in UCI database, and result shows that the hybrid kernel function can improve the model's learning ability and generalization ability. Also, the resonant frequency of L shaped microstrip antenna is modeled based on the method, and experimental analysis shows it is feasible and effective.
    14  Effects of Doubly Curved Reflector Surface Errors on Sidelobe Levels
    SHEN Junhao LI Hongmei LI Huaizhu ZHANG Hengyuan
    2016(1):61-64.
    [Abstract](2466) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    It is known that the sidelobe level of a reflector antenna is susceptible to random surface errors. Because of the uncertainty of the random surface errors, this problem is studied in the probabilistic sense, treating the shaped beam doubly curved reflector antenna pattern obtained by integration of distorted surface current as a random function, the probability distribution of the maximum sidelobe levels with different random surface errors are obtained. Random surface errors are on the basis of the characteristic correlation radii and distortions on the Z direction. The relation between the maximum sidelobe levels and random surface errors is made clear, and the effects of reflector random surface errors on the maximum sidelobe levels are made predictable, and it would be the theoretical bases for the tolerances of reflector surface.
    15  Redundant Design in Servo System of Weather Radar at Airdrome
    HU Fangfang WANG Ying
    2016(1):65-68.
    [Abstract](2525) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    A new servo system with single-double machine configuration is designed for improving servo system reliability of weather radar at airport and reducing system complexity. System composition, control scheme and key design of software and hardware are mainly studied. Moreover, the new servo system is applied in C-band Doppler weather radar at an international airport. It improves system's reliability and maintainability relative to the single system, meanwhile reduces the amount of unnecessary equipment and cost relative to the double system.
    16  Design for TR Module in-situ Detection Equipment Based on Open Source Hardware
    WANG Zhong ZHOU Yang NAI Jun WANG Yanmeng
    2016(1):69-72.
    [Abstract](2373) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    According to fast in-situ detection requirement of TR module for phased array radar, this paper recommends a method which can quickly realize field in-situ detection equipment development. Through the analysis of working principle and input/output interfaces of detected objects, this paper gives out test requirement of detection equipment. It also elucidates system diagram and software flow chart by test function analysis, and introduces how to realize specialized detection equipment by utilizing open source module. The real detection verification shows that this equipment can meet in situ detection requirement of TR module, and has the advantages of portability, precise fault location and short development cycle.
    17  Development of a High-density Multi-output Power Supply Module for T/R Component
    LIU Jing MA Hui HU Xu
    2016(1):73-75.
    [Abstract](2469) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    To fulfill the lightweight and high-efficiency for the future radar antenna array ,a kind of three-outputs power supply module with high-density and efficiency is developed for T/R module. Combining with transformer auxiliary winding, a self-startup power supply scheme is presented. It can supply all the power demand of control function in the power module. Synchronous rectification technology is applied to improve the conversion efficiency. A multi-output interlock protection design scheme is introduced which can enhance the power supply reliability. The design strategy is verified through the experimental data and waveforms of the prototype.
    18  A Study on the Scattered Wave Deception Jamming for Space-time Adaptive Processing
    CHEN Shiwa ZHANG Jianyun HE Ping ZHOU Qingsong
    2016(1):76-80.
    [Abstract](2438) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The scattered wave multi-dimension deception jamming method for space-time adaptive processing(STAP) is proposed in this paper by analyzing the airborne radar space-time signal model. According to the compliance performance of Doppler frequency to orientation cosine, the problem of traditional uni-dimension STAP jamming signal is solved by generating angle deception jamming through taking advantage of the geometrical relationship of corner reflector and airborne radar, and faking Doppler frequency through jammer modulation and radar relative motion. The different compliance performance model of Doppler frequency to orientation cosine of different jammer flight path is analyzed. The simulation results show that this jamming method is valid.
    19  A Countermeasure to Radar Decoy Based on Four-channel Monopulse Technique
    LIU Qingyun XIN Zengxian CAI Meng
    2016(1):81-84.
    [Abstract](2500) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Adding a difference antenna beam that has nulls in both azimuth and elevation on the basis of a traditional monopulse system will provide a possible approach for nulling of mainbeam jammers. The working principle of using four-hannel monopulse to counter radar active decoy is introduced, and its feasibility is analyzed. Then a method that using the phase difference between two different channels to realize angle tracking of radar active decoy is presented. At last its tracking performance is analyzed. The preliminary result shows that it is not only feasible in both theory and engineering, but also effective in the condition that the radar decoy return is not negligible. So four-hannel monopulse is believed to be an effective approach for countering radar active decoy.

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